LexiFi’s pricing methodology is characterized by combining the full flexibility of LexiFi’s generic contract description with maximal operation speed brought by native code execution.
The first section introduces LexiFi’s pricing methodology and implementation, followed by section 2. Market data manipulation, then, section 3. Quantitative pricing and risk-related tools and the last section 4. covers Implementation techniques.
The list of supported pricing models can be found here.
All models and quantitative tools are developed “in-house” at LexiFi:
Automated model selection and initialization by symbolic analysis of contract description:
Automatic suggestion of an admissible pricing model with plausible parameters or of the list of all applicable models.
All models are available with both Monte Carlo and PDE implementations (when applicable).
Supported asset classes include equities, interest rates, exchange rates, credit, commodities, inflation.
All equity models support discrete and continuous dividends with term structure and quanto adjustments.
Provision for task-oriented pricing model choice organization thanks to the definition of “Pricing Profiles”.
Models can be pre-calibrated, or calibrated on the fly. An automatic cache allows sharing on-the-fly calibration results across multiple pricing jobs.
Dedicated calibration inspectors are available for all models:
Optional early stopping when a given precision is reached.
Multi-dimensional simulation.
Longstaff Schwartz regression when early exercise pricing is needed:
Pseudo random number generators: Sobol (low-discrepancy) and Mersenne Twister.
Principal component analysis and Brownian bridge.
Variance Reduction through Contract Variates.
LexiFi’s proprietary Adjusters method is available for dramatic precision enhancements, based on an automated decomposition of contracts into:
Optional Richardson-Romberg method reduces time discretization bias.
Optional Importance sampling method: automatic multi dimensional modification of the means and standard deviations of the generated random variables reduces the Monte-Carlo price estimator variance (beta).
Extra valuation analytics include:
Note that all previously mentioned probabilities, averages or expectations are evaluated under appropriate forward measures to make them comparable and independent of the implemented choice of numeraire for used model.
Graphical pricing debugger:
Multi dimension (1, 2 or 3).
Automatic detection of path-dependent state variables.
Path dependent variable sampling and various interpolation methods.
Alternating Direction Implicit method: ADI method.
Graphical pricing debugger:
Model-free pricing:
Nearly-model-free pricing:
Full access to quantities computed by previous static replication models:
Well documented format and nomenclature for easy import of external market data
Flexible description of market data, to accommodate various kinds of external data:
Ability to ``tag'' market data in order to differentiate sources etc.
Smart sources union, with priority rules
Possibility to define proxies for equities/indices that do not have enough data
Various ways to normalize the market data:
Numerous ways to filter market data depending on maturity or quote kind (FRA, Future, …)
Automatically price a contract with all suitable models to gain a quick model price dispersion overview.
Proprietary Model Uncertainty tool to provide insights into price precision with respect to observable market data and model choice.
Value at Risk (VaR) and CVaR:
XVA/CVA:
Greeks:
Contract Variations:
Get a matrix of prices for parametric variations on a family of contracts.
Contract Solver:
Backsolve ad hoc contract parameters or market data to match a given target price.
Flexible scenario framework:
Value Change Analysis:
Compilation-based approach
The best of both worlds:
Automatic support of past life-cycle events, through symbolic rewriting of contract descriptions
Automatic symbolic detection of closed forms (e.g. for continuous barriers)
LexiFi’s pricing code compiler targets either:
Miscellaneous